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23 Februari 2024 12:25

9 Soal explanation text essay, pahami pengertian dan tips menyelesaikannya

Soal explanation text essay juga bisa menjadi bahan latihan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan membaca. Sri Jumiyarti Risno
HL: freepik.com

Brilio.net - Pernah nggak sih kamu diberi tugas untuk membuat soal explanation text? Untuk memperdalam kemampuan bahasa Inggris tentu saja kamu kerap diminta menyelesai tugas-tugas seputar explanation text essay. Pasalnya, tak hanya muncul di ujian sekolah tetapi kerap muncul di uji kemampuan bahasa Inggris, seperti TOEFL maupun IELTS di perguruan tinggi maupun dunia kerja.

Sebelum menjawab soal explanation text essay tentu kamu harus memahami apa sih explanation text, ciri, dan strukturnya agar tidak kagok dalam menjawab pertanyaan yang ada. Nah, soal explanation text essay adalah soal yang berbentuk esai yang menguji kemampuan kamu dalam memahami, menganalisis, dan mengevaluasi teks explanation.

BACA JUGA :
Kenapa bantalan rel kereta api selalu pakai batu kerikil?


Nggak cuma itu, soal explanation text essay juga bisa menjadi bahan latihan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan membaca, menulis, maupun berpikir kritis kamu. Berikut ini 9 soal explanation text essay, pahami pengertian, ciri, struktur dan tips menyelesaikannya, dirangkum brilio.net dari berbagai sumber pada Kamis (22/2).

Apa itu explanation text

foto: freepik.com

BACA JUGA :
Masuk angin ternyata bukan penyakit, ini penjelasan ilmiahnya

Explanation text atau teks eksplanasi merupakan jenis teks yang menjelaskan bagaimana sesuatu bekerja ataupun mengapa sesuatu itu terjadi. Pada dasarnya teks ini bertujuan memberikan informasi dan pengetahuan kepada pembaca tentang suatu fenomena maupun suatu kejadian. Explanation text memiliki beberapa ciri-ciri yang mudah dikenal, diantaranya:

Ciri-ciri explanation text:

1. Menjelaskan tentang fenomena alam, sosial, atau budaya. Di mana pada kalimat-kalimatnya kerap menggunakan simple present tense dan sudut pandang orang ketiga.

2. Menggunakan kata kerja tindakan (action verbs) dan kalimat pasif.

3. Menggunakan bahasa formal dan ilmiah.

4. Menyajikan informasi secara logis lalu disusun secara berurutan.

5. Didukung oleh fakta serta data.

Selain itu, adapula manfaat dari explanation text ini, dianranya:

- Memberikan informasi dan pengetahuan kepada pembaca tentang suatu fenomena / kejadian.

- Membantu pembaca untuk memahami bagaimana sesuatu bekerja lalu mengapa sesuatu itu bisa terjadi.

- Meningkatkan rasa ingin tahu serta minat baca pembaca masyarakat.

- Terakhir, dapat melatih kemampuan berpikir kritis dan logis pembaca.

Struktur explanation text

foto: freepik.com

Struktur explanation text adalah susunan bagian-bagian dari teks yang menjelaskan bagaimana dan mengapa sesuatu terjadi. Struktur explanation text terdiri dari empat bagian, yaitu:

1. Title
Judul teks yang memberikan gambaran tentang topik yang dibahas.

2. General statement
Pada bagian ini ada pernyataan umum yang mengenalkan topik serta memberikan definisi atau latar belakang tentang hal yang dijelaskan.

3. Explanation
Tak hanya itu, explanation text jugs berisi penjelasan rinci tentang proses, fenomena, maupun mekanisme terjadinya suatu objek. Oleh sebab itu, teks eksplanasi biasanya disusun berdasarkan urutan waktu atau sebab akibat.

4. Conclusion
Terakhir, ada kesimpulan, rekomendasi, atau saran yang berkaitan dengan hal yang dijelaskan.

Tips menjawab soal explanation text essay.

foto: freepik.com

Untuk menjawab soal explanation text essay, ada beberapa tips yang bisa kamu ikuti, antara lain:

1. Baca dengan cermat teks dan pertanyaan yang diberikan. Cari kata kunci/informasi penting yang berkaitan dengan pertanyaan.

2. Baca pertanyaan yang diminta sehingga ketika kamu membaca soal explanation text essay tidak terlalu sulit mengidentifikasinya.

3. Pahami tujuan, isi, dan struktur teks.
Perhatikan apa yang menjadi topik utama, bagaimana penjelasannya disusun, lalu apa yang menjadi kesimpulan dari teks tersebut.

4. Jawab pertanyaan dengan menggunakan kalimat lengkap, jelas, dan tepat.
Untuk menjawab soal explanation text essay kamu bisa gunakan kata-kata yang sesuai dengan konteks teks dan pertanyaan. Jangan lupa, hindari jawaban yang terlalu singkat, ambigu, atau tidak relevan.

5. Jika perlu, berikan contoh, bukti, atau rujukan dari teks untuk mendukung jawabanmu. Jangan lupa untuk gunakan tanda kutip, kurung, maupun catatan kaki untuk menunjukkan sumber informasi dari teks.

6. Periksa kembali jawabanmu sebelum mengirimkan atau menyerahkan.
Ketelitian itu sangat penting, jadi pastikan jawabanmu sudah sesuai dengan ejaan, tata bahasa, dan tanda baca yang benar. Juga pastikan jawabanmu sudah menjawab semua aspek pertanyaan dengan lengkap serta akurat.



Contoh soal explanation essay dan penyelesaiannya.

foto: freepik.com

Soal 1

Bacalah teks berikut dengan seksama, kemudian jawablah pertanyaan yang ada di bawahnya.

Text 1

Why is the Sky Blue?

The blue color of the sky is due to a phenomenon called scattering. Scattering occurs when the molecules and particles in the atmosphere interact with the solar radiation (sunlight). The sunlight that reaches the earth is composed of different wavelengths, which correspond to different colors. The human eye can perceive these colors as the spectrum of the rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.

The amount of scattering depends on the wavelength of the light and the size of the particles. According to Rayleigh's law, the scattering is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the wavelength. This means that shorter wavelengths (such as blue and violet) are scattered more than longer wavelengths (such as red and orange).

However, this does not explain why the sky is blue and not violet, since violet has the shortest wavelength and should be scattered the most. The reason is that the sun emits more blue light than violet, and also that the human eye is more sensitive to blue light than violet. Therefore, the combination of these factors makes the sky appear blue to us.

Pertanyaan:

1. What is the main purpose of the text?

2. What is the phenomenon that causes the blue color of the sky?

3. What is the relationship between the wavelength of light and the amount of scattering?

4. What are the two factors that make the sky appear blue and not violet?

Jawaban:

1. The main purpose of the text is to explain why the sky is blue.

2. The phenomenon that causes the blue color of the sky is scattering.

3. The relationship between the wavelength of light and the amount of scattering is inverse. Shorter wavelengths are scattered more than longer wavelengths.

4. The two factors that make the sky appear blue and not violet are the sun's emission of more blue light than violet, and the human eye's sensitivity to blue light than violet.

Soal 2

Bacalah teks berikut dengan seksama, kemudian jawablah pertanyaan yang ada di bawahnya.

Text 2

How Does a Rainbow Form?

A rainbow is a colorful arc that appears in the sky when sunlight is refracted and reflected by water droplets in the air. The formation of a rainbow involves three steps: refraction, reflection, and dispersion.

Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another with a different density. When sunlight enters a water droplet, it is refracted at the surface of the droplet and changes its direction.

Reflection is the bouncing of light when it hits a surface. When the refracted sunlight reaches the back of the droplet, it is reflected back to the front of the droplet.

Dispersion is the splitting of white light into its component colors. When the reflected sunlight exits the droplet, it is refracted again at the surface of the droplet and changes its direction. However, this time, the angle of refraction depends on the wavelength of the light. Shorter wavelengths (such as violet and blue) are refracted more than longer wavelengths (such as red and orange). This causes the white light to split into a spectrum of colors.

The colors of the rainbow are arranged in the order of decreasing wavelength and increasing refraction: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. This is the same order as the colors of the spectrum that are produced by a prism. To see a rainbow, the observer must be positioned between the sun and the water droplets, and the sun must be behind the observer. The angle between the sun, the observer, and the center of the rainbow is about 42 degrees.

Pertanyaan:

1. What is the definition of a rainbow according to the text?

2. What are the three steps involved in the formation of a rainbow?

3. What is the difference between refraction and reflection?

4. What is the cause of dispersion of white light into a spectrum of colors?

5. What are the conditions for observing a rainbow?

Jawaban:

1. The definition of a rainbow according to the text is a colorful arc that appears in the sky when sunlight is refracted and reflected by water droplets in the air.

2. The three steps involved in the formation of a rainbow are refraction, reflection, and dispersion.

3. The difference between refraction and reflection is that refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one medium to another with a different density, while reflection is the bouncing of light when it hits a surface.

4. The cause of dispersion of white light into a spectrum of colors is the different angles of refraction for different wavelengths of light when they exit the water droplet.

5. The conditions for observing a rainbow are that the observer must be positioned between the sun and the water droplets, and the sun must be behind the observer.

foto: freepik.com

Soal 3

Bacalah teks berikut dengan seksama, kemudian jawablah pertanyaan yang ada di bawahnya.

Text 3

How Does a Volcano Erupt?

A volcano is a vent or opening in the earth's crust that allows molten rock, ash, and gas to escape from below the surface. A volcano erupts when the pressure and temperature inside the magma chamber, which is a reservoir of molten rock under the volcano, become too high. The magma then rises through cracks and fissures in the crust and reaches the surface.

There are different types of volcanic eruptions, depending on the viscosity and gas content of the magma. Viscosity is a measure of how thick or fluid a substance is. Gas content is a measure of how much dissolved gas is present in the magma. The more viscous and gas-rich the magma is, the more explosive the eruption will be.

Some examples of volcanic eruptions are:

- Hawaiian eruptions: These are the least explosive type of eruptions, characterized by the gentle outflow of very fluid and gas-poor lava. The lava forms fountains, rivers, and lakes, and can travel long distances. The lava also cools and solidifies into various shapes, such as ropes, balls, and tubes. Hawaiian eruptions are named after the volcanoes in Hawaii, where they are common.

- Strombolian eruptions: These are moderately explosive eruptions, characterized by the intermittent burst of gas-rich lava. The lava forms jets, bombs, and blocks, and can reach heights of hundreds of meters. The lava also accumulates around the vent and forms a cone-shaped mountain. Strombolian eruptions are named after the volcano Stromboli in Italy, where they are frequent.

- Vulcanian eruptions: These are very explosive eruptions, characterized by the violent ejection of viscous and gas-rich magma. The magma forms clouds, columns, and plumes of ash, dust, and rock, and can reach heights of several kilometers. The magma also falls back to the ground and forms pyroclastic flows, which are fast-moving and deadly mixtures of hot gas and solid particles. Vulcanian eruptions are named after the volcano Vulcano in Italy, where they were first observed.

- Plinian eruptions: These are the most explosive and destructive type of eruptions, characterized by the colossal blast of extremely viscous and gas-rich magma. The magma forms gigantic clouds, columns, and plumes of ash, dust, and rock, and can reach heights of tens of kilometers. The magma also falls back to the ground and forms pyroclastic flows, as well as lahars, which are mudflows of volcanic debris and water. Plinian eruptions are named after the Roman writer Pliny the Younger, who witnessed and described the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD.

Pertanyaan:

1. What is the main cause of a volcanic eruption?

2. What are the two factors that determine the type of volcanic eruption?

3. What is the difference between viscosity and gas content?

4. What is the name of the type of eruption that produces fountains and rivers of lava?

5. What is the name of the type of eruption that produces pyroclastic flows and lahars?

Jawaban:

1. The main cause of a volcanic eruption is the high pressure and temperature inside the magma chamber.

2. The two factors that determine the type of volcanic eruption are the viscosity and gas content of the magma.

3. The difference between viscosity and gas content is that viscosity is a measure of how thick or fluid a substance is, while gas content is a measure of how much dissolved gas is present in the substance.

4. The name of the type of eruption that produces fountains and rivers of lava is Hawaiian eruption.

5. The name of the type of eruption that produces pyroclastic flows and lahars is Plinian eruption.


Soal 4

Bacalah teks berikut dengan seksama, kemudian jawablah pertanyaan yang ada di bawahnya.

Text 4

How Does a Microwave Oven Work?

A microwave oven is a device that uses electromagnetic waves to heat and cook food. Microwave ovens are different from conventional ovens, which use thermal radiation to transfer heat to the food. Microwave ovens use microwaves, which are a type of electromagnetic wave with a wavelength of about 12 centimeters and a frequency of about 2.45 gigahertz.

Microwaves are generated by a device called a magnetron, which converts electrical energy into electromagnetic energy. The magnetron consists of a cathode, an anode, and a series of magnets. When an electric current flows through the cathode, it emits electrons. The electrons are then accelerated by the electric field between the cathode and the anode, and deflected by the magnetic field around the anode. The electrons move in a circular path, creating oscillating electric and magnetic fields. These fields form microwaves, which are then directed by a waveguide to the cooking chamber.

The cooking chamber is a metal box that reflects the microwaves and prevents them from escaping. The food is placed on a rotating turntable, which ensures even exposure to the microwaves. The microwaves penetrate the food and interact with the water molecules inside. The water molecules have a positive and a negative end, which makes them polar. The microwaves cause the water molecules to rotate rapidly, creating friction and heat. The heat is then transferred to the rest of the food by conduction and convection. This is how the food is cooked in a microwave oven.

Pertanyaan:

1. What is the main purpose of the text?

2. What is the difference between a microwave oven and a conventional oven?

3. What is the device that produces microwaves in a microwave oven?

4. How do the microwaves heat the food?

5. What is the function of the turntable in the cooking chamber?

Jawaban:

1. The main purpose of the text is to explain how a microwave oven works.

2. The difference between a microwave oven and a conventional oven is that a microwave oven uses electromagnetic waves to heat and cook food, while a conventional oven uses thermal radiation to transfer heat to the food.

3. The device that produces microwaves in a microwave oven is a magnetron.

4. The microwaves heat the food by causing the water molecules inside the food to rotate rapidly, creating friction and heat.

5. The function of the turntable in the cooking chamber is to ensure even exposure of the food to the microwaves.

foto: freepik.com

Soal 6

Bacalah teks berikut dengan seksama, kemudian jawablah pertanyaan yang ada di bawahnya.

Text 6

How Does a Refrigerator Work?

A refrigerator is a device that uses a cycle of evaporation and condensation to transfer heat from the inside of the refrigerator to the outside, thus creating a cool environment for storing food. The main components of a refrigerator are a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator.

The compressor is a pump that compresses a refrigerant, which is a fluid that can easily change its state from gas to liquid and vice versa. The refrigerant is usually a synthetic compound such as Freon. The compression of the refrigerant increases its pressure and temperature, turning it into a hot gas.

The condenser is a coil of metal tubes that is located at the back or the bottom of the refrigerator. The hot gas from the compressor flows through the condenser, where it releases its heat to the surrounding air. The loss of heat causes the refrigerant to condense into a liquid.

The expansion valve is a small nozzle that controls the flow of the liquid refrigerant from the condenser to the evaporator. The expansion valve reduces the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant, turning it into a cold liquid.

The evaporator is another coil of metal tubes that is located inside the refrigerator. The cold liquid from the expansion valve flows through the evaporator, where it absorbs the heat from the food and the air inside the refrigerator. The gain of heat causes the refrigerant to evaporate into a gas.

The gas then returns to the compressor, where the cycle is repeated. This is how a refrigerator works to keep the food and the air inside it cold.

Pertanyaan:

1. What is the main purpose of the text?

2. What is the name of the fluid that is used to transfer heat in a refrigerator?

3. What is the function of the compressor in a refrigerator?

4. What is the function of the condenser in a refrigerator?

5. What is the function of the expansion valve in a refrigerator?

6. What is the function of the evaporator in a refrigerator?

Jawaban:

1. The main purpose of the text is to explain how a refrigerator works.

2. The name of the fluid that is used to transfer heat in a refrigerator is a refrigerant.

3. The function of the compressor in a refrigerator is to compress the refrigerant and increase its pressure and temperature, turning it into a hot gas.

4. The function of the condenser in a refrigerator is to release the heat from the hot gas to the surrounding air and condense the refrigerant into a liquid.

5. The function of the expansion valve in a refrigerator is to control the flow of the liquid refrigerant and reduce its pressure and temperature, turning it into a cold liquid.

6. The function of the evaporator in a refrigerator is to absorb the heat from the food and the air inside the refrigerator and evaporate the refrigerant into a gas.

Soal 7

Bacalah teks berikut dengan seksama, kemudian jawablah pertanyaan yang ada di bawahnya.

Text 7

How Does a Solar Panel Work?

A solar panel is a device that converts sunlight into electricity. Solar panels are made of many solar cells, which are the basic units of solar energy. A solar cell is a thin layer of silicon that has been treated with impurities to create a positive and a negative layer. The positive layer has fewer electrons than the negative layer, creating an electric field between them.

When sunlight hits the solar cell, some of the photons (particles of light) are absorbed by the silicon atoms, which then release some of their electrons. The electric field pushes these free electrons to the negative layer, creating a current of electricity. The more sunlight that hits the solar cell, the more electricity is generated.

The electricity from a single solar cell is very small, so many solar cells are connected together in a solar panel to produce more power. The electricity from a solar panel is direct current (DC), which means it flows in one direction. However, most appliances and devices use alternating current (AC), which means it changes direction periodically. Therefore, a device called an inverter is needed to convert the DC electricity from the solar panel into AC electricity that can be used by the grid or the household.

Pertanyaan:

1. What is the main purpose of the text?

2. What are the materials that make up a solar cell?

3. What is the role of the electric field in a solar cell?

4. What is the difference between DC and AC electricity?

5. What is the function of an inverter in a solar panel system?

Jawaban:

1. The main purpose of the text is to explain how a solar panel works.

2. The materials that make up a solar cell are silicon and impurities.

3. The role of the electric field in a solar cell is to push the free electrons to the negative layer, creating a current of electricity.

4. The difference between DC and AC electricity is that DC electricity flows in one direction, while AC electricity changes direction periodically.

5. The function of an inverter in a solar panel system is to convert the DC electricity from the solar panel into AC electricity that can be used by the grid or the household.

foto: freepik.com

Soal 8

Bacalah teks berikut dengan seksama, kemudian jawablah pertanyaan yang ada di bawahnya.

Text 8

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a fundamental process that occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria, allowing them to convert light energy into chemical energy. This process plays a crucial role in the Earth's ecosystem by producing oxygen and organic compounds, which serve as food for organisms higher up the food chain.

During photosynthesis, plants use chlorophyll, a green pigment found in chloroplasts, to capture light energy from the sun. This energy is used to split water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen ions, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. The hydrogen ions, along with carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere, are then used to produce glucose through a series of chemical reactions known as the Calvin cycle.

The glucose produced during photosynthesis serves as the primary source of energy for plants and provides the building blocks for carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and other essential molecules. Additionally, plants release oxygen into the atmosphere during photosynthesis, which is vital for the survival of aerobic organisms, including humans.

Photosynthesis is not only essential for the production of oxygen and food but also plays a significant role in regulating the Earth's climate. By absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, plants help mitigate the effects of climate change by reducing greenhouse gas levels.

Pertanyaan:

1. What is photosynthesis, and why is it important for plants?

2. How do plants capture light energy during photosynthesis?

3. What are the products of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?

4. Explain the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis.

5. How is glucose produced during photosynthesis?

6. Why is oxygen released as a byproduct of photosynthesis?

7. What are the implications of photosynthesis for the Earth's ecosystem?

8. How does photosynthesis contribute to the regulation of the Earth's climate?

9. Discuss the significance of photosynthesis for human life.

Jawaban:

1. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy, allowing them to produce glucose and oxygen, which are essential for their growth and survival.

2. Plants capture light energy using chlorophyll, a green pigment found in chloroplasts, which absorbs light in the red and blue regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

3. The products of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis are oxygen, ATP (adenosine triphosphate), and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate).

4. Chlorophyll absorbs light energy during photosynthesis and plays a crucial role in initiating the process of converting light energy into chemical energy.

5. Glucose is produced during photosynthesis through the Calvin cycle, where carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions are used to synthesize glucose molecules.

6. Oxygen is released as a byproduct of photosynthesis during the light-dependent reactions when water molecules are split into oxygen and hydrogen ions.

7. Photosynthesis is essential for maintaining the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and providing food for organisms higher up the food chain.

8. Photosynthesis helps regulate the Earth's climate by absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, thereby reducing greenhouse gas levels and mitigating the effects of climate change.

9. Photosynthesis is crucial for human life as it produces oxygen for us to breathe and provides food in the form of fruits, vegetables, and grains. Additionally, photosynthesis plays a vital role in maintaining ecological balance and sustaining biodiversity on Earth.

Soal 9

Bacalah teks berikut dengan seksama, kemudian jawablah pertanyaan yang ada di bawahnya.

Text 9

Plate Tectonics

Plate tectonics is a geological theory that explains the movement of Earth's lithosphere, which is divided into several large and small tectonic plates. These plates float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them and interact with each other along their boundaries, leading to various geological phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain formation.

The Earth's lithosphere is divided into approximately 20 major tectonic plates and several smaller ones. These plates are in constant motion, driven by the heat generated from the Earth's interior, convection currents in the mantle, and gravitational forces. There are three main types of plate boundaries: divergent boundaries, where plates move away from each other; convergent boundaries, where plates collide and subduction occurs; and transform boundaries, where plates slide past each other horizontally.

At divergent boundaries, such as mid-ocean ridges, new oceanic crust is formed as magma rises from the mantle and solidifies. This process, known as seafloor spreading, leads to the widening of ocean basins. Convergent boundaries are characterized by the collision of tectonic plates, resulting in the formation of mountain ranges, volcanic arcs, and deep ocean trenches. Subduction occurs when one plate is forced beneath another into the mantle, leading to the recycling of crustal material.

Transform boundaries, such as the San Andreas Fault in California, are associated with horizontal displacement along fault lines. Earthquakes often occur along these boundaries as the plates grind past each other. Plate tectonics not only shapes the Earth's surface but also influences the distribution of continents, the formation of ocean basins, and the evolution of life on our planet.

Understanding plate tectonics is essential for predicting geological hazards, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, and for exploring natural resources, including mineral deposits and fossil fuels. It provides valuable insights into the dynamic nature of Earth's geology and helps scientists unravel the mysteries of our planet's past, present, and future.

Pertanyaan:

1. What is plate tectonics, and how does it explain the movement of Earth's lithosphere?

2. Describe the three main types of plate boundaries and the geological features associated with each.

3. How does seafloor spreading occur at divergent boundaries?

4. What geological features are formed at convergent boundaries, and what processes drive their formation?

5. Explain the concept of subduction and its role in plate tectonics.

6. What geological phenomena are associated with transform boundaries?

7. How does plate tectonics influence the distribution of continents and the formation of ocean basins?

8. Why is understanding plate tectonics important for predicting geological hazards?

9. Discuss the significance of plate tectonics for Earth's geology and the exploration of natural resources.

Jawaban:

1. Plate tectonics is a geological theory that describes the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates, driven by convection currents in the mantle and gravitational forces.

2. The three main types of plate boundaries are divergent boundaries, where plates move apart; convergent boundaries, where plates collide; and transform boundaries, where plates slide past each other. Divergent boundaries are associated with mid-ocean ridges, convergent boundaries with mountain ranges and volcanic arcs, and transform boundaries with fault lines.

3. Seafloor spreading occurs at divergent boundaries when magma rises from the mantle and solidifies, forming new oceanic crust.

4. Convergent boundaries are associated with the formation of mountain ranges, volcanic arcs, and deep ocean trenches. Subduction occurs when one plate is forced beneath another into the mantle, leading to the recycling of crustal material.

5. Subduction is the process by which one tectonic plate is forced beneath another into the mantle at a convergent boundary.

6. Transform boundaries are associated with horizontal displacement along fault lines, resulting in earthquakes.

7. Plate tectonics influences the distribution of continents through the movement of tectonic plates and the formation of ocean basins through processes such as seafloor spreading and subduction.

8. Understanding plate tectonics is important for predicting geological hazards such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis, which can have devastating effects on human populations and infrastructure.

9. Plate tectonics provides insights into Earth's geological processes and the distribution of natural resources such as mineral deposits, fossil fuels, and freshwater reserves. It also helps scientists reconstruct Earth's geological history and understand the forces shaping our planet's surface.

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