Passive voiceatau kalimat pasif merupakan suatu kalimat yang menunjukkan jika subjeknya dikenai pekerjaan. Kata kerja (verb) dalam kalimat pasif bermakna (di.../ter...). Kata kerja (verb) yang bisa diubah menjadi kalimat pasif (passive voice) yaitu kata kerja transitif (kata kerja yang membutuhkan object) kecualihave, fit, lack, suit, resemble. Secara sederhana, passive voiceatau kalimat pasif dalam Bahasa Inggris memiliki rumus:
Subject + to be + V3
Contoh:
Miya buy a book in the bookstore. (Active Voice)
A book is bought by miya in the bookstore. (Passive Voice)
Penggunaan kalimat pasif (passive voice) dalam Bahasa Inggris memiliki rumus yang berbeda-beda tergantung pada tense yang digunakan. Jumlah tense secara keseluruhan ada 16, namun dalam kalimat pasif (passive voice) hanya menggunakan 10 tenses saja. Berikut ini adalah tense beserta rumus yang digunakan dalam kalimat pasif (passive voice).
1. Simple Present Tense.
Rumus: S + is/am/are + V3+ (by agent)
Contoh:
Fitriyah bring a bag. (Active Voice)
A bag is brought by fitriyah. (Passive Voice)
2. Present Continuous Tense.
Rumus: S + is/am/are + being + V3 + (by agent)
Contoh:
I am cooking fried rice. (Active Voice)
Fried rice is being cooked by me. (Passive Voice)
3. Present Perfect Tense.
Rumus: S + have/has + been + V3 + (by agent)
Contoh:
My mother has swept the floor. (Active Voice)
The floor has been swept by my mother. (Passive Voice)
4. Simple Past Tense.
Rumus: S + was/were + V3 + (by agent)
Contoh:
They borrowed my books yesterday. (Active Voice)
My books were borrowed by them yesterday. (Passive Voice)
5. Past Continuous Tense.
Rumus: S + was/were + being + V3+ (by agent)
Contoh:
He was stealing my money yesterday morning. (Active Voice)
My money was being stolen by him yesterday morning. (Passive Voice)
6. Past Perfect Tense.
Rumus: S + had + been + V3+ (by agent)
Contoh:
Umi had given the gift to her friend. (Active Voice)
The gift had been given by umi to her friend. (Passive Voice)
7. Simple Future Tense.
Rumus: S + will + be + V3+ (by agent)
Contoh:
We will answer the questions tomorrow. (Active Voice)
The questions will be answered by us tomorrow. (Passive Voice)
8. Future Perfect Tense.
Rumus : S + will + have + been + V3+ (by agent)
Contoh:
She will have washed her clothes. (Active Voice)
Her clothes will have been washed by her. (Passive Voice)
9. Past Future Tense.
Rumus: S + would + be + V3+ (by agent)
Contoh:
Mr. Yudi would sell his car last week. (Active Voice)
His car would be sold by Mr. Yudi last week. (Passive Voice)
10. Past Future Perfect Tense.
Rumus: S + would + have + been + V3+ (by agent)
Contoh:
You would have visited your family in the village. (Active Voice)
Your family would have been visited by you in the village. (Passive Voice)
Langkah-langkah membuat kalimat passive.
1. Letakkan object kalimat active di awal kalimat passive.
2. Apabila pada kalimat active tidak terdapat to be(berupa auxiliary), maka ubahlah auxiliary menjadi to bedan sesuaikan dengan subject dan tenses-nya.
3. Letakkan kata kerja (verb) asli dalam bentuk V3setelah to be.
4. Letakkan subject kalimat active menjadi pelaku (by agent).
Aturan penggunaan by agent.
1. Tidak ditulis
a. Jika pelaku tidak diketahui dan tidak ingin menyebutkan pelaku.
Contoh: The temple was built in 1959.
b. Jika object pada kalimat passive berupa someone, every one, every body,dll.
Contoh: I am waited for someone.
c. Jika ingin memperjelas keadaan.
Contoh: The ceremony will be held on Monday.
2. Ditulis.
Jika dianggap penting dan pelaku diketahui.
Contoh: My pencils are borrowed by Miya.
Itulah pengertian, rumus, tenses, contoh, dan aturan-aturan Passive Voicedalam Bahasa Inggris. Semoga bisa membantu kamu dalam memahami Bahasa Inggris dan semoga bermanfaat.
